Deforestation and its effects on greenhouse gas emissions are outcomes of economic activity and rapid urbanization, whether it be by rural farmers, corporate entities, or city customers. The journal nature geoscience recently published a study comparing the impacts of rural and urban population growth on deforestation. Indeed some 31 countries do not even make the list because they have already removed most of their forests and even if that remain are seriously fragmented and degraded. Farming, grazing of livestock, mining, and drilling combined account for more than half of all deforestation. Motorized vehicles guzzling petrol and diesel emit volumes of carbon dioxide into the air. Forests can play a major role in climate regulation by reducing levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Assessment of environmental impact of deforestation in. Deforestation facts and information national geographic. These greenhouse gas emissions contribute to rising temperatures, changes in patterns of weather and water, and an increased frequency of extreme weather events. Urban development and urban deforestation ideasrepec. The agdal system of traditional resource management in morocco 11 box 2. The changes in area of forest by region and subregion are shown in table 1.
When in india, i have faced food shortages and sometimes the market prices of some food items tomato in recent times would be so high that indirectly, consumption is controlled and people resort to using alternative products or eliminate. The 1972, 1987, 2000, 2005 and 2010 land sat tm satellite rs were used to assess elobeid towns urban deforestation. Deforestation, due to fires and urbanization is a major issue. Deforestation and forest degradation are responsible for around 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions. The impact of deforestation on biodiversity in nigeria is seen in terms of loss of valuable plant species, reduced plant biomass, extinction of animal species. The drivers of tropical deforestation have shifted in the early 21st century to hinge on growth of cities and the globalized agricultural trade, a new largescale study concludes. Environmental management amidst energy use, urbanization. Deforestation is the conversion of forest to an alternative permanent nonforested land use such as agriculture, grazing or urban development van kooten and bulte, 2000. Urban development and deforestation university of khartoum. Deforestation driven by urban population growth and. Deforestation is an ongoing phenomenon in nigeria and is becoming more visible with increasing population and urbanization in almost of parts of the country.
According to fao, deforestation is the conversion of. Population growth is a major hindrance to attainment of sustainable development. Deforestation driven by urban population growth and india. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Impacts of deforestation on the loss of biodiversity zambrut. Deforestation is has a result of the interaction of environmental, social, cultural and political forces in a given region. For instance, in local communities and urban centers, it can be done around market areas, in gamewildlife reserves, or within city parks. The underpinning drivers are geist and lambin, 2002 see figure 1. Identify the impact that humans have had on earth, such as deforestation, urbanization, desertification, erosion, air and water quality, changing the flow of water. Shares of total primary energy supply in 2008 percent 28 boxes box 1.
The three main causes of deforestation in the world are. Trees may be removed from particular areas in order to make various wood products, to clear land for new buildings or roads, or for creating new farming or grazing land. The top 10 countries experiencing the greatest forest loss have large populations, many of which continue to grow rapidly table 1. How resource extraction is leading to urban growth in the brazilian amazon dr. This spread of urban areas into rural area, farmlands and forests on outer edges of a city is referred as urban sprawl. How urban consumption lies at the root of deforestation greenbiz. The most concentrated deforestation occurs in tropical rainforests. The impact of deforestation, urbanization, public investments, and agriculture on human welfare in the brazilian amazonia.
According to fao, deforestation is the conversion of forest to another land use or the longterm reduction of tree canopy cover below the 10% threshold. Deforestation driven by urban population growth and agricultural trade in the twentyfirst century. In general, areas of high population growth overlap with those that have experienced high forest loss over the years figure 1. It was a logical conclusion that the migration of peoples from rural places to the city would mean that deforestation would decelerate. Alternative ways of measuring wealth and human well. Causes, effects and control strategies 5 deforestation are maintained. This is due to the fact that, at its base, urban sprawl is driven by overpopulation. The hope that a majority urban population would slow the clearing of tropical forests our most effective. Climatic changes due to urbanisation and deforestation. The ecuadorian amazon, one of the richest reserves of biodiversity in the world myers et al. Deforestation is linked to urbanization in a process leading to the high population density, which makes the cities or societies becoming more urban. Drivers of deforestation deforestation drivers can be divided into socalled immediate and underpinning drivers. The conservation planning and practice will increasingly need to account for direct and indirect impacts of the continents urbanization. Most of this forest elimination has been caused by agricultural colonization that followed the discovery of oil.
On the other hand, deforestation and suburban sprawl have substantially changed and fragmented our landscape. One of the most immediate effects is the loss of habitat of many species of animals. Deforestation, clearance, clearcutting or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land which is then converted to a nonforest use. Basic concepts of deforestation, degradation, and fragmentation 2. About 31% of earths land surface is covered by forests.
But in a new study published in nature geoscience by scientists at columbias e3b department, researchers found that deforestation is now driven largely by urbanization and trade. Peter richards, institute at brown for environment and society, population studies and training center, brown university, phone. Learn about historical and modern deforestation and its effects. Defries1, thomas rudel2, maria uriarte1 and matthew hansen3 reducing atmospheric carbon emissions from tropical deforestation is at present considered a costeffective option for mitigatingclimatechange. Pam blanchard last updated on 8192017 deforestation page 2. Urbanisation, deforestation and climate change climate.
More broadly, we argue that urbanization in the amazon is better. Urbanization, export crops drive deforestation sciencedaily. The urbanization and deforestation class discussion focused on four major causes of deforestation. This study empirically explores the linkage between urbanization and deforestation while controlling for the role of energy consumption, trade openness, and economic growth within. Deforestation is an important factor in global climate change. Deforestation driven by urban population growth and agricultural trade in the twenty. Three of them are incomebased groups namely low, middle and highincome panels, and the remaining two. Deforestation can also be counteracted through awareness and sensitization. Deforestation due to urbanization can be controlled by changing lifestyle trends of the urban population. A global analysis of deforestation due to biofuel development. Deforestation has so many negative consequences on the environment. Urban and residential area expansion cause significant forest loss, both in the consumption of building materials and as a source of land.
The state of the world population 2007 report, released by the united nations six years ago, estimated that more than half of the worlds population would have lived in cities and towns by the following year. Urbanization can affect the incidence of microbial disease both positively and negatively. A forest stand is a close community of trees sufficient in size, composition and location to distinguish it. In developing countries, increased population growth within urban centers can lead to densely packed housing and inadequate water supplies. During the last two decades, agricultural expansion, logging, development, and other human activities caused the deforestation of more than 120,000 square kilometers each year. While urbanization can reduce direct pressures on forests by the migration of rural residents to population centers, urban and suburban sprawl can be damaging when they occur in frontier settlements and boomtowns. In contrast, an area only onetenth that size was regained due to reforestation efforts and natural regrowth. Urbanization and deforestation march 5, 2010 by dan asin. Urbanization has forced man to acquire huge forest areas. Pdf this paper inspects the deforestation of trabzon in turkey, due to urbanization, between 2006 and 2016. Forests also provide a range of other ecological goods and services such as biodiversity and watershed protection and amenity benefits. Africa, a continent exceptionally rich in biodiversity, is rapidly urbanizing. Greentumbles writer deogracias has described how is the problem of deforestation linked to the livelihood of some people in his country, malawi. Underlying causes of deforestation and forest degradation 17 box 3.
As population grows, the need for agricultural land has also increased over the years. Deforestation is specially serious in places as the amazon. Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to nonforest land use such as arable land, urban use, logged area or wasteland. Deforestation is a major driver of terrestrial habitat loss and habitat fragmentation and contributes to global warming. Deforestation has resulted in habitat damage, biodiversity loss and aridity, as a developing nation a lot of development are been taking place in daily basis like roads, rails, houses, dams and oil explorations, most of all this falls into urbanization that contributes to deforestation process due to lack of proper reforestation planning that. However, with more urbanization there is more deforestation. The results showed that there was 100% urban deforestation in the study area caused by urban new extensions and development.
Since then, urban areas have continued to grow in both developed and developing countries. Estimated deforestation, by type of forest and time period 9 figure 3. Urban sprawl is one of the most difficult deforestation related issues to solve. Urbanization and deforestation are linked together for a variety of reasons. This study aims to determine the effects of deforestation, economic growth, and urbanization on carbon dioxide co2 emissions levels in the south and southeast asian ssea regions for the 19902014 period.
The earth is home to innumerable number of living species. Forestry practices, wildfires and, in small part, urbanization account for the rest. You can read the whole story here to get a better understanding about the situation in this developing country and reasons why preventing desertification gets difficult in some areas. The puncturing of the ozone layer, rampant deforestation, developmental projects, drying up of river bodies, and pollution of the atmosphere are destroying the capacity of human kind to survive on this planet. Deforestation affects biodiversity in a number of ways. It is well known that deforestation is a big problem in the world today, with hundreds and even thousands of vulnerable forest being cut down both for tinder and to make way for arable farmland for cows and other livestock.
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